Shoulder Instability
Shoulder instability represents a spectrum of disorders, the successful management of which requires a correct diagnosis and treatment. The boundaries of this spectrum are represented by a subluxation event (a partial dislocation which spontaneously reduces) to a complete dislocation. The majority of instabilities are traumatic in nature, and the ball of the shoulder is unstable toward the front of the shoulder.
In order for a shoulder to dislocate, the very important and delicate balance of soft tissues (ligaments, capsule, and tendons) around the shoulder become damaged. These damaged tissues often don't heal properly, and the shoulder can develop recurrent dislocations and/or pain with certain activities.
The older a patient is at the time of initial injury, the lower the chances are for developing recurrent instability. Patients under the age of 20 with traumatic dislocations have a substantially higher rate of recurrence (greater than 90%). It is for this reason that we have become more aggressive in recent years in recommending early repair for younger patients.
The treatment for recurrent shoulder instability is usually surgical. This surgery is aimed at repairing the damaged capsule and ligaments directly. This can be done arthroscopically as an outpatient procedure. The surgery is performed with a miniature, lighted telescope and small instruments introduced into the shoulder joint. Advanced miniature anchors with sutures attached are inserted precisely into the socket of the shoulder, and the torn ligaments are reattached to the socket. Complete healing from this procedure takes approximately four to six months.